Write note on Political environnent.

Ans.  The political environment is an important factor that influences the international business, especially when it is different between the home and host country.  Political setup vary widely between the two extremes :  

(a)   Democracy : A democratic political system involves citizens directly or indirectly, in the policy formulation of a country.

(b)   Totalitarianism :  It is a political system , where political power lies in few hands with virtually no opposition.  Constitutional guarantees are denied to the citizens.  Germany under the rule of Hitlor and Stalin;s Soviet Union were historical examples of totalitarianism regime.

Myanmar is the example of totalitarianism Government.

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Political Risk :   Political risk is unexpected changes in political set up in the host country leading to unexpected discontinuities that bring about changes in very business environment.  For example, if a rightist party wins election in the country and the policy towards the foreign investment turns liberal, it would create appositive impact on the operation of MNCs.  On the other hand, if a left party comes in power in the host country, it will have a negative impact on the operation of MNCs.

Types of Political Risk :   Stephen Kobrin  classifies political risk as :

(1)   Macro Risk :   It is also called country specific risk that affects all foreign firms in the country.

 (a) Expropriation :  It means seizure of private property by the Govt.  it involves payment of compensation.  The reason behind expropriation has mainly been political turmoil.  In the post war period, foreign and domestic firms were nationalized in China in 1960.  The Swedish Govt nationalized the ship building industry at a time when this industry was hit by world wide recession. an estimate revels that around 12 % of all foreign investment made in 1967 was nationalised within less than a decade.

(b)   Currency Inconvertibility :   Sometimes the host Govt enacts law  prohibiting foreign companies from taking their money out of the country or exchanging the  host country currency for any other currency.  The reason is both economic and political.  The Govt of Nigeria imposed such restrictions a couple of decades back in order to serve its economic and political objectives.

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(c)   Credit Risk :   Credit risk is refusal to honour a financial contract with a foreign company or foreign debts.  For example when Khomeini came into power in Iran, the Iranian Govt refuse to pay its debts on grounds that loans were taken during Shah’s regime.

 (d) Ethnic, Religious or Civil Strife : Macro political risk arises on account of war and violence and racial, ethnic, religious and civil strife within a country. Recent example of these risks is slaughter in Bosnia and Herzegovina, breakdown of local authority in Somalia and Rwanda, the upsurge of Islamic fundamentalism in Algeria and Egypt.  Such risks become major political risks for MNCs operating in these countries.

(2)   Micro Risk : The micro or firm specific risk affecting a particular industry or firm. The micro risks are :

 (a) Conflict of interest :   The host Govt desires to have a sustainable growth rate, price stability, comfortable balance of payment, and so on, but the policy of MNCs operating there is to maximize corporate wealth.  For example, transfer of funds by MNCs may influence the money supply and may cause inflation or deflation.  MNCS may adopt transfer pricing techniques that may cause loss of tax revenue.  It is not simply economic issues that cause conflicts but also non-economic issues like national security.  The US Govt did not permit the Japanese purchase of Fairchild Industries on the grounds of national security.

(b)   Corruption : It is endemic in many countries, as a result MNCs have to face serious problems.  Foreign firms in Kenya had to sell a part of equity to powerful politician.  Transparency International has surveyed 85 countries and has brought about the corruption perception index. Many countries rank high in the index.  In 1999 34 countries, including OECD members and five other signed a convention to ban bribery of foreign public officials in international business transaction.

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The second field where you can lead a terrific career in is the master in health administration and this is so as the field of health care is constantly moving towards technology and a system to support demands and supply needs to be balanced. If you have a degree to fulfill this main national agenda then you may well be a contributive member of the society, one that is able to bring change that actually matters and helps. Taking a master in health administration allows you to give back to the people who through all this time have been neglected the care they need.

So whether it is the special education masters programs or the aforementioned it is a good start analyzing what you want from now. The options are there and making the fulfillment of societal needs your goal is a great way to make a career. All the good will always return to you hence whatever path you take make sure that you enjoy it very much and are eager to make betterment for the society living around you. If you need assistance in applying or registering, the department is ready to help you through working hours.

Of course, the liquidation of any company is a very serious aspect. For this reason, different firms that are closing their businesses due to various circumstances such as bankruptcy is,Special education classes seem to be a necessity today as the number of children with special needs keeps increasing on a yearly basis.

Transitioning to junior high school can be a awfully stressful period for any kid; for kids with learning difficulties diagnosed though,Structured learning can be great for a child; it can be a great way to help your child get the most learning done in the fewest possible years,

Getting admission in these, colleges require entrances that are the basics for any engineering college. When a student is opting for iit coaching classes,In our daily lives, time is precious. You can become a successful student if you figure out a way to control your time and use smart study techniques that don’t waste your precious time.

Is a learning disability the same thing as dyslexia? You can Google a list of famous people who are dyslexic, but what exactly is dyslexia?Do you know how your memory works? Understanding how you learn and remember is critical to being a success.

Memory has 5 steps from input to output.

Someone who is LD usually has average to above average intelligence, but for some reason, that person is not able to perform academically at the level indicated by the IQ. You need to begin your chapter with a brief survey of the contents. Look at the bold print, read the headings, check out the pictures and captions.

Universal Design is a concept that – in a perfect world – would enable those students with a disability to enter a room and immediately have EQUAL ACCESS to any and all information. If you want to be a successful college student, you need to have a studying plan. Your old habits from high school will probably not work in college.

Distance education has come out as a prominent solution for students who have been trying to juggle between their work and education.Going from high school to college can feel like an overwhelming experience. If you are a student with a disability, the experience can seem rather challenging, but in reality, most colleges make the procedure easy to follow.

Many students come to the college Disabilities Office and are puzzled by their struggle with math. They are perplexed by their inability to pass math, yet these same people are skilled in reading and writing. What these students do not always realize is that it is possible to have a learning disability in math but not have one in reading and writing.

The first advantage is saving time effectively. For those who are seeking for rn employment opportunities will try hard to get a degree. If they do not have much time to go to a university, getting online programs can be the only wise option. For example, people can gain nursing education in a short time so that they will be able to work at hospitals or healthcare facilities as soon as possible. They can take online courses such as chemistry, nursing, anatomy, psychology, and physiology and study them independently.

The second advantage is being given a freedom. Sometimes, people will easily study if they are not limited with time or place. Taking courses such as online rn to bsn courses will allow people to arrange their time to study independently at anywhere. One thing to remember about this is how people can manage their time well. The reason why people cannot succeed in online learning is because they cannot manage their time well and do not have a good self-discipline.

In conclusion, those two advantages above can be the strong reason why people take an online learning. Being an online student will gain more advantages whereas there are other things to do such as work or business matter. Thus, people will surely rely on internet to get online programs which is very accessible.

Can Obama save us or are we doomed to disaster?

Neither of these questions will get us anywhere, yet most of the news commentaries attempt to answer one of these or a related question, such as “What is Obama going to do to save us?” and “Can he, will he, do enough?”

All these questions come from a fearful perspective: There is a huge problem out there that is too big to face ourselves, so we need to find the right person to do the job, or protect ourselves from the looming disaster.

We seem to forget that Obama was elected President because a majority of the voting population voted for him. He did not “save” the election, nor did he “crumble” under the pressure of the enormous work of the campaign. He could not have won without over 50% of the voting population voting for him.

The solution was part of the beginning

Barack and Michelle laid out the solution to this issue at the same time he declared his candidacy.

They were willing to enter the race for the Presidency on a set of ideas, and if we, the public, liked these ideas and supported them, the Obama’s would devote themselves to leading the way, being spokespersons for these ideas. And if enough of us shared and supported these ideas, then the election would be won and we would have an opportunity to bring these ideas to life. The clarity of this message was the core integrity of the campaign. Now it is time to live the ideas.

He also said that the election was not for or about him, but about us, the direction of our nation and our role in the global community. He is not doing this so that we can all retire on a government pension, but so that we can together turn the nation and our individual lives toward a governing system that will address the needs of the times we are in and a prosperous future for all.

Barack cannot save the country

Barack can’t save the country, but he can demonstrate qualities of leadership that inspire good solutions and allow those solutions to be implemented.

This is what he did throughout his campaign. And it was enough to win the election.

The fact that Barack was elected based on the demonstration of leadership qualities, not on how well he demeaned his opponent, further reveals that more than half of the voting population sees and appreciates these qualities.

If we can see these qualities, we can live them. And this is how the country will solve our problems and get on a track to sustainable prosperity. We voted because we liked the ideas that were being communicated, now we “vote” by letting the essence of those ideas guide our individual lives and choices.

The qualities of good leadership are not limited to Barack, they are available to all. He is modeling them for us. He will help institute a system that allows these qualities to be expressed. He is already doing that by choosing thoughtful, intelligent, non-ideological individuals onto his team.

What are these qualities?

Any of us can turn our attention to identifying the core issue of a situation rather than looking for whom to blame. Any of us can listen for a good idea from a variety of intelligent and loving sources, rather than reacting hastily to an apparent urgency. Any of us can recognize the right solution for each issue, one-by-one, instead of trying to get what we want, protect ourselves, or to promote an idea that is politically motivated.

But we, individual private citizens, do not face decisions that will affect the whole country
While that is true, it is also true that every decision, every choice has a ripple effect beyond what is seen. All Barack and Michelle need to do is to continue to make thoughtful choices based on the issues. And all we need to do is the same. As large and small issues, at all levels of life, get addressed with love, intelligence, clarity and a sincere motivation to discover good solutions, our nation will be prosperous again.

What are these ideas that we can all live by?

- Focus on issues, not personalities
- Listen open-mindedly to an array of sources for thoughtful, intelligent ideas that will work
- Discern the idea that is a good solution the issue – not what we want, not what’s politically or socially correct

What makes this Spiritual Politics?
Spiritual means “of spirit,” in other words, non-material and non-physical. It refers to the realm of existence that we can be aware of, yet is not discerned through the five senses. This realm is most easily recognized through our capacity to be aware of the qualities of consciousness that govern individual activities. It is sometimes referred to as an individuals “presence.” Presence is the quality of being that is expressed through words and actions. So, “spiritual politics” refers to the qualities of being that support an open, responsive governing body. This is not something that can be enforced, legislated, contracted or negotiated. It is something we can see and respond to. It is something we can pay attention to as part of a governed body. It is something we can individually seek to purify within our own consciousness.

Transformational activism is the idea that people need to transform on the inside as well as on the outside in order to create any meaningful change in the world.

One example of transformational activism is peacekeeping which, as defined by the United Nations, is “a way to help countries torn by conflict create conditions for sustainable peace.” Peacekeepers monitor and observe peace processes in post-conflict areas and assist ex-combatants in implementing the peace agreements they may have signed. Such assistance comes in many forms, including confidence-building measures, power-sharing arrangements, electoral support, strengthening the rule of law, and economic and social development. Accordingly UN peacekeepers (often referred to as Blue Helmets because of their light blue helmets) can include soldiers, civilian police officers, and other civilian personnel.

Another example is encouraging choices to live in racially diverse communities.

Such communities may literally “transform” communities by opening the minds of residents to new ideas, new cultures, new historical perspectives, and a broader view of life that ultimately can benefit social relations.

Another example of transformational activism is transformational economics. This is the idea that you can change the way resources flow in a society by doing inner work. People examine their emotional reactions to what their needs are. This may allow them to see that things they felt they needed are not really needed.

This then alters the flow of goods in a society because of the underlying change in needs.

Transformational politics is the field of guiding people to look inwardly what they feel is true power. They may discover that real power is seeing the deep connection of everyone with each other and of being able to tap that place. In this case power is not power over someone, but rather power to unleash collective creativity in creating a new society.

Transformational activism is about looking for the common values underneath, and then working from there so that both parties are able to get what they want. In the process one or both parties may find their inner landscape and paradigms changing.

Transformational open-sourced activism is the idea that you can tap into the power of mass collaboration and collective creativity in a way that transforms the people involved into more loving, peaceful, compassionate states.

In different words, do not bother commenting if the analysis annoys your personal partisan political peccadilloes. This can be concerning promoting and not the mayhem of presidential elections.

A lot of has been written within the last year concerning the destruction of the Republican “complete”. A whole – be it for a PC, politician, or perhaps a PC politician – is what the market (voters) think and feel regarding the product. Yes, politicians and parties are products that may be bought though the value is just too high for the typical shopper/voter.

Several Republicans felt their party now not had a brand. Several core Republican/conservative policies seem to have been abandoned by the Bush administration. Translate this into a technology product that had for several years delivered on the core features and functions it promised to provide. Then say that the new unharness of the merchandise had huge bugs that the vendor didn’t fix that diminished or eliminated the usefulness of those features. Some GOP members viewed their party as Windows XP users read Vista – failing to faithfully deliver basic value.

This can be where belief systems enter into marketing. People usually believe things regarding a brand that are not true. But when faced with continuing failure to deliver on a branded price proposition, folks quit believing in the brand. In this election cycle we see two complete battles raging. The GOP had lost its whole and is currently actively redefining/reclaiming it.

Let’s observe every starting with the Democrats. Obama – like several candidate – needs to keep the trust of all categories of people. He set forth a whole that spoke broadly and elicited an amazing amount of response for a candidate with relatively very little history. Bowling badly or making three-purpose buckets spoke well to the operating classes who hold the keys to bound battleground states. However Obama’s “guns and faith” statement whereas raising funds during a San Francisco “Billionaire Row” mansion shattered that believability and damaged his brand value in those markets. Blue collar and Blue Dog Democrats indicate they will sit out this election based on whole misalignment. His selection of Biden did nothing to assist regain those voters.

McCain’s team managed to one thing that any marketing strategist would love to achieve. They managed to search out a whole and value proposition that was broadly popular, that matched the present complete essence of the candidate, and located a running mate who brought further authenticity (real or imagined) to the new brand. In other words, GOP selling strategists scored a trifecta on brand management.

Let’s circle back to the Silicon Strategies Selling copyrighted definition of a whole: a complete is what the market thinks and feels regarding your product. McCain had for years developed a reputation as both a maverick and a reformer. In fact the media created therefore abundant of this McCain price proposition that it became “information” rather than “belief” among most Americans. The market of voters therefore “thought” McCain to be a reformer. Adding Palin to the price ticket – exploiting her highly personal “tiny city, wisdom” complete – emotionally reinforced the ticket’s reformer brand. GOP strategist realigned the first “little government” GOP whole to the prevailing McCain/Palin brands. Then they used this to co-opt Obama’s “amendment” whole, simultaneously strengthening the GOP complete and weakening the Obama brand.

Polls indicate the plan worked very well.

Obama can solely counter this in two ways:

? Attempt to destroy the McCain brand, which can solely be done through negative attacks. This is a unhealthy move because Obama based much of his whole on being a nice guy, rising higher than “politics as usual”. Going negative would be to destroy his own brand.

? Produce a a lot of authentic Obama whole: This is tough as a result of several of the mistakes his campaign created (hijacking the presidential seal, mass rallies in Berlin, the “guns and faith” sound bite) has reduced the general public perception that Obama is “authentic”. Even San Francisco’s eccentric former Mayor Willie Brown – a Democrat to the top – thinks “Obama still seems overscripted . Too perfect.”

Here are the essential branding lessons to find out from this year’s election cycle:

1. Be devoted to your brand: The Republican’s learned the onerous means that the moment you stop “walking the walk” consumers/voters vanish. The GOP got lucky to find a new complete that worked in the 11th hour.

2. Do not invent a brand that is not authentic: Obama learned that you can not talk “tiny city” in Scranton then disrespect “small town” in San Francisco.

3. Represent your brand at every touch point: You receptionist should reinforce your brand. McCain picked a running mate that strengthened his.

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Young men and women registering and flocking to Obama.

Faith and politics are always strange bedfellows. So what’s going on here? Is this a shepherd leading his flock of the faithful or misguided youth?

The current regime is old politics, old Washington. It is not totally out of step with many of the times, but represents a tired format. Young people are looking for something new, something fresh. And something they can believe in.

The world the younger generation has grown up in is largely relativity with no absolute truth. The world is spinning and there just isn’t must to hang onto. Along comes a charismatic individual with what seems like fresh ideas. No matter how thin the ideas are, they are something different. A spoon-fed generation relies on others to stimulate and educate them. So much news, so many sources. Who is telling the truth? Who can they believe? Skepticism rules.

The good old boys are just putting down our new hope because he does not fit the mold. They are afraid of him.
Dialog with the younger generation is fascinating. Each of them possesses a plethora of facts. For many, social issues like taking care of the poor, the needy and the homeless are of utmost importance. The perception is that the liberal contingent has the answers to social ills. But do they?

What has the liberal agenda done for the poor and needy? Some say it has entrenched them deeper into the ghetto and poverty. Reliance on a government handout has not solved any of these problems. Welfare, food stamps and subsidies have created an entitlement generation of poor and needy. Having spent a lot of time in Russia after the fall of Communism I have seen socialism up close and personal.

Men and women are created with a need for love, acceptance and self-worth. Socialism dashes this need and creates a dependent class of people not capable of extracting themselves from the clutches of the government. Nor do they desire to be rescued from that grip after a period of time.

So what is the flock flocking to anyway? To new ideals? Or to old ideas wrapped in a new glitzy, programmed veneer? My daddy used to say, “Beware of the hype, they are after your money.” In this case they may be after your soul and it’s not good to sell out to the wolf in sheep’s clothing.